Urban Forests as Social-Ecological Systems Table 1

Table 1.

The urban forests as social-ecological systems perspective of the IU Bloomington Urban Forestry Lab draws on the Social Ecological Systems (SES) Framework developed in rural common pool resource management settings by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues (Ostrom 2009), and the Model of Urban Forest Sustainability developed in the field of urban forest management by Jim Clark and colleagues (Clark et al. 1997). The terms used for system components are similar for all three frameworks.